Motherboards that have UEFI boot systems usually have hard drives with GPT partitioning. With GPT there is no limit to the number of primary partitions which is a big improvement on the older BIOS boot system motherboards with MBR partitioning that limited the number of primary partitions to 4. Forcing everyone to use a work-around.
UEFI boot systems have two install options. EFI mode and BIOS/legacy/CSM mode. Windows 7 cannot be installed in EFI mode. That is why there is a BIOS/legacy mode. Windows 8/10 is always preinstalled in EFI mode. Ubuntu can be installed in either mode but it must be installed in the same mode that Windows is install in. You have Windows 10 so you must boot the Ubuntu install ISO image in EFI mode so that Ubuntu will be installed in EFI mode. Then you will not have problems dual booting.
There is other information in that wiki that you will need to follow.
What Windows partitions you delete is up to you. You take the consequences. I know nothing about Windows 10. But there is no need to delete any partitions in order to dual boot with Ubuntu. Modern hard drives are not short of space. And with GPT partitioning we do not have a 4 primary partition limit.
The EFI system partition is an efi_boot partition. It is where Microsoft puts the Windows 10 efi boot files. When Ubuntu is installed in EFI mode the Ubuntu installer will need somewhere to put the Ubuntu efi boot files. It will use the same partition as Windows 10. The two sets of efi boot files will happily co-exist.
If by chance you try installing Ubuntu in BIOS/Legacy mode the Ubuntu installer may fail to install the Grub boot loader. This is because when Ubuntu (or any OS) is installed in BIOS/Legacy mode on a hard drive with GPT partitioning the installer will need a bios_boot partition for the boot files. You do not have a bios_boot partition. So, installing Ubuntu in EFI mode is the least complicated method.
Regards
Dual Boot Prep
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